NEET SYLLABUS - CHEMISTRY
NEET SYLLABUS - CHEMISTRY
Chemistry Class XI Syllabus
UNIT I: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Details:-
- General Introduction: Important and scope of chemistry.
- Laws of chemical combination, Dalton’s atomic theory: concept of elements,atoms and molecules.
- Atomic
and molecular masses. Mole concept and molar mass;
percentagecomposition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical
reactions,stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.
UNIT II: Structure of Atom
Details:-?Atomic
number, isotopes and isobars. Concept of shells and subshells, dual
natureof matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg
uncertainty principle,concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s,p
and d orbitals, rules for fillingelectrons in orbitals- Aufbau
principle, Pauli exclusion principles and Hund’srule, electronic
configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completelyfilled
orbitals.
UNIT III: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Details:-Modern
periodic law and long form of periodic table, periodic trends in
propertiesof elements- atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy,electronegativity, valence.
UNIT IV: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Details:-Valence
electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis
structure,polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory,
resonance, geometry ofmolecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization
involving s, p and d orbitalsand shapes of some simple molecules,
molecular orbital theory of homonucleardiatomic molecules (qualitative
idea only). Hydrogen bond.
UNIT V: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Details:-
- Three
states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding,
melting andboiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept
of the molecule,Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s
law, ideal behaviour ofgases, empirical derivation of gas equation.
Avogadro number, ideal gas equation.Kinetic energy and molecular speeds
(elementary idea), deviation from idealbehaviour, liquefaction of gases,
critical temperature.
- Liquid State- Vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative ideaonly, no mathematical derivations).
UNIT VI : Thermodynamics
Details:-
- First
law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity
andspecific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess’s law of constant
heatsummation, enthalpy of : bond dissociation, combustion, formation,
atomization,sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and
dilution.
- Introduction
of entropy as state function, Second law of thermodynamics, Gibbsenergy
change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria
forequilibrium and spontaneity.
- Third law of thermodynamics- Brief introduction.
UNIT VII: Equilibrium
Details:-Equilibrium
in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium,law
of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting
equilibrium-Le Chatelier’s principle; ionic equilibrium- ionization of
acids and bases, strongand weak electrolytes, degree of ionization,
ionization of polybasic acids, acidstrength, concept of pH., Hydrolysis
of salts (elementary idea)., buffer solutions,Henderson equation,
solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrativeexamples).
UNIT VIII: Redox Reactions
Details:-Concept
of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions
oxidationnumber, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of
electron andchange in oxidation numbers.
UNIT IX: Hydrogen
Details:-Occurrence,
isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen;
hydridesionic,covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical
properties of water, heavywater; hydrogen peroxide-preparation,
reactions, uses and structure;
UNIT X: s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)
Details:-
- Group I and group 2 elements:
- General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous
propertiesof the first element of each group, diagonal relationship,
trends in the variation ofproperties (such as ionization enthalpy,
atomic and ionic radii), trends in chemicalreactivity with oxygen,
water, hydrogen and halogens; uses.
- Preparation and Properties of Some important Compounds:
- Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodiumhydrogencarbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium.
- Industrial use of lime and limestone, biological importance of Mg and Ca.
UNIT XI: Some p-Block Elements
Details:-
- General Introduction to p-Block Elements.
- Group
13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence,variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical
reactivity, anomalousproperties of first element of the group; Boron,
some important compounds:borax, boric acids, boron hydrides. Aluminium:
uses, reactions with acids andalkalies.
- General
14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence,variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical
reactivity, anomalousbehaviour of first element. Carbon, allotropic
forms, physical and chemicalproperties: uses of some important
compounds: oxides.
- Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: silicon tetrachloride, silicones,silicates and zeolites, their uses.
UNIT XII: Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Details:-
- General
introduction, methods of purification qualitative and
quantitativeanalysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic
compounds.
- Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect,resonance and hyper conjugation.
- Homolytic
and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radials,
carbocations,carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of
organic reactions.
UNIT XIII: Hydrocarbons
Details:-
- Alkanes-
Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only),
physicalproperties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism
of halogenation,combustion and pyrolysis.
- Alkenes-Nomenclature,
structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism,physical
properties, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition
ofhydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition
andperoxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic
addition.
- Alkynes-Nomenclature,
structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties,methods of
preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes,
additionreaction of- hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
- Aromatic
hydrocarbons- Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene;
resonance,aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic
substitution-Nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s
alkylation and acylation;directive influence of functional group in
mono-substituted benzene;carcinogenicity and toxicity.
UNIT XIV: Environmental Chemistry
Details:-Environmental
pollution: Air, water and soil pollution, chemical reactions
inatmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and
itsreactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer, greenhouse effect and
globalwarming-pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an
alternative toolfor reducing pollution, strategy for control of
environmental pollution.
Chemistry Class XII SyllabusUNIT I: Solid State
Details:-Classification
of solids based on different binding forces; molecular, ioniccovalent
and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary
idea),unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices,
calculation of densityof unit cell, packing in solids, packing
efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unitcell in a cubic unit cell,
point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Bandtheory of metals,
conductors, semiconductors and insulators.
UNIT II: Solutions
Details:-Types
of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in
liquids,solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative
properties- relativelowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation
of boiling point, depressionof freezing point, osmotic pressure,
determination of molecular masses usingcolligative properties abnormal
molecular mass. Van Hoff factor.
UNIT III: Electrochemistry
Details:-Redox
reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and
molarconductivity variation of conductivity with concentration,
kohlrausch’s Law,electrolysis and Laws of electrolysis (elementary
idea), dry cell- electrolytic cellsand Galvanic cells; lead accumulator,
EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential,Relation between Gibbs
energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion.
UNIT IV: Chemical Kinetics
Details:-Rate
of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of
reaction;concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of
a reaction; rate lawand specific rate constant, integrated rate
equations and half life (only for zero andfirst order reactions);
concept of collision theory ( elementary idea, nomathematical
treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious equation.
UNIT V: Surface Chemistry
Details:-Adsorption-physisorption
and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gaseson solids,
catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity:enzyme
catalysis; colloidal state: distinction between true solutions,
colloids andsuspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic multimolecular and
macromolecular colloids;properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian
movement, electrophoresis,coagulation; emulsions- types of emulsions.
UNIT VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
Details:-Principles
and methods of extraction- concentration, oxidation,
reductionelectrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of
extraction ofaluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
UNIT VII: p- Block Elements
Details:-
- Group
15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence,oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties;
preparation andproperties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of
nitrogen (structure only);Phosphorous- allotropic forms; compounds of
phosphorous: preparation andproperties of phosphine, halides (PCI3,
PCI5) and oxoacids (elementary ideaonly).
- Group
16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
oxidationstates, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties;
dioxygen:preparation, properties and uses; classification of oxides;
ozone. Sulphur –allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation,
preparation, properties anduses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid:
industrial process of manufacture,properties and uses, oxoacids of
sulphur (structures only).
- Group
17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
oxidationstates, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties;
compounds ofhalogens: preparation, properties and uses of chlorine and
hydrochloric acid,interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens
(structures only).
- Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence,trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.
UNIT VIII: d and f Block Elements
Details:-
- General
introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition
metals,general trends in properties of the first row transition metals-
metallic character,ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii,
colour, catalytic property,magnetic properties, interstitial compounds,
alloy formation. Preparation andproperties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
- Lanthanoids- electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, andlanthanoid contraction and its consequences.
- Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
UNIT IX: Coordination Compounds
Details:-Coordination
compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour,magnetic
properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclearcoordination
compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner’stheory
VBT,CFT; importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative
analysis,biological systems).
UNIT X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Details:-
- Haloalkanes:
Nomenclature, nature of C –X bond, physical and chemicalproperties,
mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation.
- Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence ofhalogen for monosubstituted compounds only).
- Uses and environment effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane,tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.
UNIT XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Details:-
- Alcohols:
Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties
(of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary
andtertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses with special
reference tomethanol and ethanol.
- Phenols:
Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemicalproperties,
acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses
ofphenols.
- Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical propertiesuses.
UNIT XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Details:-
- Aldehydes
and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods
ofpreparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of
nucleophilicaddition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.
- Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physicaland chemical properties; uses.
UNIT XIII: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Details:-
- Amines:
Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation,
physicaland chemical properties, uses, identification of primary
secondary and tertiaryamines.
- Cyanides and Isocyanides- will be mentioned at relevant places.
- Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in syntheticorganic chemistry.
UNIT XIV: Biomolecules
Details:-
- Carbohydrates-
Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucoseand
fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose,
maltose),polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): importance.
- Proteins-
Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides,
proteins,primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and
quaternary structure(qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins;
enzymes.
- Hormones- Elementary idea (excluding structure).
- Vitamins- Classification and function.?
- Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
UNIT XV: Polymers
Details:-Classification-
Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition
andcondensation), copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural
andsynthetic like polyesters, bakelite; rubber, Biodegradable and
non-biodegradablepolymers.
UNIT XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life
Details:-
- Chemicals
in medicines- analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics,
disinfectants,antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics,
antacids, antihistamines.
- Chemicals in food- preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary ideaof antioxidants.
- Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
